CPC 1908

Ans: Section 114 of civil procedure code mentions about review. Review means to reconsider or reexamine the case.  Sometimes the new facts and evidences were found or there there can be any clerical mistake in judgement.  The person need not apply for appeal here and the person can file review petition here.  Even if a judge can not change his judgement but since a judge is also a human being and can do mistake. Thus, the review petition can be filed in those cases where the appeal can not be filed or if some new evidences or facts are found.  

Ans: According to section 113 of civil procedure code,  if a subordinate court finds that there can not be an appeal in case or there is a question of law in the case which is not decided previously,  the subordinate Court would refer the case to High Court which is called reference. Reference means to refer the case to High Court by Subordinate Court. 

Ans: Courts of small causes are civil courts which adjudicate trivial matters of small value. These courts are prevalent in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan in major cities. These courts took up small matters of civil nature only. Statutory Provisions: The Provincial Small Cause Courts Act, 1887 governs functioning of small cause courts in India. The Act originally contained 37 Sections divided into 5 chapters along with 2 schedules attached to it.

Ans:  In India, Court of Small causes are established under the Presidency Small Cause Courts Act-1882. As per the Act, The State Government may, by order in writing, establish a Court of Small Causes at any place within its territory. Also, these courts decide only civil cases of small value in a summary manner. High Court possesses a power of revision on the judgements of Small Causes courts.

Ans: On the recommendation of the Law Commission of 1858, the British Parliament passed the Indian High Courts Act, 1861 providing for the establishment of High Courts in the three Presidencies (in place of Supreme Courts and the Sadar Adalats). The Act of 1861, titled as "an Act for establishing High Courts of judicature in India authorised Her Majesty the Queen of England to establish High Courts by issuing Letters Patent to Presidency towns wherever and whenever it deemed fit. Accordingly, Her Majesty the Queen issued the Charter of High Court of Calcutta on 14th May, 1862; and Charters for establishing High Courts in Madras and Bombay were issued on June 26, 1862. Thus these three High Courts are called Chartered High Court.

Ans: An indigent person is one who does not possess sufficient means to pay court fees and unable to proceed with any suit. Every application for permission to sue as indigent person must contain the report of his moveable and immoveable property, with the estimated value annexed with the application.